@article{Kung80
,author="H. T. Kung and Q. Lehman"
,title="Concurrent Maintenance of Binary Search Trees"
,Year="1980"
,Month="September"
,journal="ACM Transactions on Database Systems"
,volume="5"
,number="3"
,pages="354-382"
,note="Available:
\url{http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=320619&dl=GUIDE,}
[Viewed December 3, 2007]"
,annotation={
	Use garbage collector to clean up data after everyone is done with it.
	.
	Oldest use of something vaguely resembling RCU that I have found.
}
}

@techreport{Manber82
,author="Udi Manber and Richard E. Ladner"
,title="Concurrency Control in a Dynamic Search Structure"
,institution="Department of Computer Science, University of Washington"
,address="Seattle, Washington"
,year="1982"
,number="82-01-01"
,month="January"
,pages="28"
,annotation={
	.
	Superseded by Manber84.
	.
	Describes concurrent AVL tree implementation.  Uses a
	garbage-collection mechanism to handle concurrent use and deletion
	of nodes in the tree, but lacks the summary-of-execution-history
	concept of read-copy locking.
	.
	Keeps full list of processes that were active when a given
	node was to be deleted, and waits until all such processes have
	-terminated- before allowing this node to be reused.  This is
	not described in great detail -- one could imagine using process
	IDs for this if the ID space was large enough that overlapping
	never occurred.
	.
	This restriction makes this algorithm unsuitable for use in
	systems comprised of long-lived processes.  It also produces
	completely unacceptable overhead in systems with large numbers
	of processes.  Finally, it is specific to AVL trees.
	.
	Cites Kung80, so not an independent invention, but the first
	RCU-like usage that does not rely on an automatic garbage
	collector.
}
}

@article{Manber84
,author="Udi Manber and Richard E. Ladner"
,title="Concurrency Control in a Dynamic Search Structure"
,Year="1984"
,Month="September"
,journal="ACM Transactions on Database Systems"
,volume="9"
,number="3"
,pages="439-455"
,annotation={
	Describes concurrent AVL tree implementation.  Uses a
	garbage-collection mechanism to handle concurrent use and deletion
	of nodes in the tree, but lacks the summary-of-execution-history
	concept of read-copy locking.
	.
	Keeps full list of processes that were active when a given
	node was to be deleted, and waits until all such processes have
	-terminated- before allowing this node to be reused.  This is
	not described in great detail -- one could imagine using process
	IDs for this if the ID space was large enough that overlapping
	never occurred.
	.
	This restriction makes this algorithm unsuitable for use in
	systems comprised of long-lived processes.  It also produces
	completely unacceptable overhead in systems with large numbers
	of processes.  Finally, it is specific to AVL trees.
}
}

@Conference{RichardRashid87a
,Author="Richard Rashid and Avadis Tevanian and Michael Young and
David Golub and Robert Baron and David Black and William Bolosky and
Jonathan Chew"
,Title="Machine-Independent Virtual Memory Management for Paged
Uniprocessor and Multiprocessor Architectures"
,Booktitle="{2\textsuperscript{nd} Symposium on Architectural Support
for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}"
,Publisher="Association for Computing Machinery"
,Month="October"
,Year="1987"
,pages="31-39"
,Address="Palo Alto, CA"
,note="Available:
\url{http://citeseer.csail.mit.edu/cache/papers/cs/6535/http:zSzzSzwww.cs.cornell.eduzSzcs614-sp98zSzberkeley-262zSzmach-vm.pdf/rashid87machineindependent.pdf}
[Viewed February 17, 2005]"
,annotation={
	Describes lazy TLB flush, where one waits for each CPU to pass
	through a scheduling-clock interrupt before reusing a given range
	of virtual address.  Does not describe how one determines that
	all CPUs have in fact taken such an interrupt, though there are
	no shortage of straightforward methods for accomplishing this.
	.
	Note that it does not make sense to just wait a fixed amount of
	time, since a given CPU might have interrupts disabled for an
	extended amount of time.
}
}

@article{BarbaraLiskov1988ArgusCACM
,author = {Barbara Liskov}
,title = {Distributed programming in {Argus}}
,journal = {Commun. ACM}
,volume = {31}
,number = {3}
,year = {1988}
,issn = {0001-0782}
,pages = {300--312}
,doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/42392.42399}
,publisher = {ACM}
,address = {New York, NY, USA}
,annotation= {
	At the top of page 307: "Conflicts with deposits and withdrawals
	are necessary if the reported total is to be up to date.  They
	could be avoided by having total return a sum that is slightly
	out of date."  Relies on semantics -- approximate numerical
	values sometimes OK.
}
}

@techreport{Hennessy89
,author="James P. Hennessy and Damian L. Osisek and Joseph W. {Seigh II}"
,title="Passive Serialization in a Multitasking Environment"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="1989"
,number="US Patent 4,809,168 (lapsed)"
,month="February"
,pages="11"
,note="Available:
\url{http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4809168.PN.&OS=PN/4809168&RS=PN/4809168}
[Viewed December 3, 2007]"
,annotation={
	Apparently used in VM/XA.
	Describes global-queue approach to detecting grace periods (called
	'system reference points' and also 'multiprocess checkpoints').
	It does not do the following:
	.
	o	discuss high-performance per-CPU infrastructure.
	o	describe how to make large changes appear atomic via copying.
	o	discuss per-data-structure grace periods.
	o	discuss mode-change operations that are not associated with
		a particular data structure.
	o	focus on per-thread, per-event, or other non-processor
		environment (e.g., a quiescent state is called a 'process
		checkpoint', and the authors seem to consider processes and
		CPUs synonymous) -- though column 3 lines 53-56 broaden the
		definition a bit to include tasks (which map back to processes)
		and virtual processors.
	.
	Other aspects:
	.
	o	Tombstone? [Column 2 lines 27-35]  Apparently not, the
		data structures seem always to be removed from lists
		or flags set or some such.
	o	Uses four queues, similar to the user-level RCU implementations
		(column 6, lines 25-31).
	o	Assumes non-preemptive environment [column 8 line 68].
	o	Uses non-preemptive environment to focus on CPUs rather
		than on processes [column 9 lines 9-12].
	o	Uses flag setting and clearing on entry to the scheduler.
		[column 9 lines 12-14].
	o	Talks about waiting for interrupt enablement rather than
		process scheduling [column 9 lines 37-39].
	.
	Usage:
	o	Permit tracing by user ID ('SET CPTRACE').  Reduce lock overhead
		(number of acquisitions).
	.
	Independent invention of RCU-like mechanism.
}
}

@techreport{Pugh90
,author="William Pugh"
,title="Concurrent Maintenance of Skip Lists"
,institution="Institute of Advanced Computer Science Studies, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland"
,address="College Park, Maryland"
,year="1990"
,number="CS-TR-2222.1"
,month="June"
,annotation={
	Concurrent access to skip lists.  Has both weak and strong search.
	Uses concept of ``garbage queue'', but has no real way of cleaning
	the garbage efficiently.
	.
	Appears to be an independent invention of an RCU-like mechanism.
}
}

@Book{Adams91
,Author="Gregory R. Adams"
,title="Concurrent Programming, Principles, and Practices"
,Publisher="Benjamin Cummins"
,Year="1991"
,annotation={
	Has a few paragraphs describing ``chaotic relaxation'', a
	numerical analysis technique that allows multiprocessors to
	avoid synchronization overhead by using possibly-stale data.
	.
	Seems like this is descended from yet another independent
	invention of RCU-like function -- but this is restricted
	in that reclamation is not necessary.
}
}

@unpublished{Jacobson93
,author="Van Jacobson"
,title="Avoid Read-Side Locking Via Delayed Free"
,year="1993"
,month="September"
,note="Verbal discussion"
,annotation={
	Use fixed time delay to approximate grace period.  Very simple,
	but subject to random memory corruption under heavy load.
	.
	Independent invention of RCU-like mechanism.
}
}

@Conference{AjuJohn95
,Author="Aju John"
,Title="Dynamic vnodes -- Design and Implementation"
,Booktitle="{USENIX Winter 1995}"
,Publisher="USENIX Association"
,Month="January"
,Year="1995"
,pages="11-23"
,Address="New Orleans, LA"
,annotation={
	Age vnodes out of the cache, and have a fixed time set by a kernel
	parameter.  Not clear that all races were in fact correctly handled.
	Used a 20-minute time by default, which would most definitely not
	be suitable during DoS attacks or virus scans.
	.
	Apparently independent invention of RCU-like mechanism.
}
}

@techreport{Slingwine95
,author="John D. Slingwine and Paul E. McKenney"
,title="Apparatus and Method for Achieving Reduced Overhead Mutual
Exclusion and Maintaining Coherency in a Multiprocessor System
Utilizing Execution History and Thread Monitoring"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="1995"
,number="US Patent 5,442,758"
,month="August"
,annotation={
	Describes the parallel RCU infrastructure.  Includes NUMA aspect
	(structure of bitmap can reflect bus structure of computer system).
	.
	Another independent invention of RCU, but the "real" RCU this time!
}
}

@techreport{Slingwine97
,author="John D. Slingwine and Paul E. McKenney"
,title="Method for Maintaining Data Coherency Using Thread Activity
Summaries in a Multicomputer System"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="1997"
,number="US Patent 5,608,893"
,month="March"
,pages="19"
,annotation={
	Describes use of RCU to synchronize data between a pair of
	SMP/NUMA computer systems.
}
}

@techreport{Slingwine98
,author="John D. Slingwine and Paul E. McKenney"
,title="Apparatus and Method for Achieving Reduced Overhead Mutual
Exclusion and Maintaining Coherency in a Multiprocessor System
Utilizing Execution History and Thread Monitoring"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="1998"
,number="US Patent 5,727,209"
,month="March"
,annotation={
	Describes doing an atomic update by copying the data item and
	then substituting it into the data structure.
}
}

@Conference{McKenney98
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and John D. Slingwine"
,Title="Read-Copy Update: Using Execution History to Solve Concurrency
Problems"
,Booktitle="{Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems}"
,Month="October"
,Year="1998"
,pages="509-518"
,Address="Las Vegas, NV"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/rclockpdcsproof.pdf}
[Viewed December 3, 2007]"
,annotation={
	Describes and analyzes RCU mechanism in DYNIX/ptx.  Describes
	application to linked list update and log-buffer flushing.
	Defines 'quiescent state'.  Includes both measured and analytic
	evaluation.
}
}

@Conference{Gamsa99
,Author="Ben Gamsa and Orran Krieger and Jonathan Appavoo and Michael Stumm"
,Title="Tornado: Maximizing Locality and Concurrency in a Shared Memory
Multiprocessor Operating System"
,Booktitle="{Proceedings of the 3\textsuperscript{rd} Symposium on
Operating System Design and Implementation}"
,Month="February"
,Year="1999"
,pages="87-100"
,Address="New Orleans, LA"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.usenix.org/events/osdi99/full_papers/gamsa/gamsa.pdf}
[Viewed August 30, 2006]"
,annotation={
	Use of RCU-like facility in K42/Tornado.  Another independent
	invention of RCU.
	See especially pages 7-9 (Section 5).
}
}

@unpublished{RustyRussell2000a
,Author="Rusty Russell"
,Title="Re: modular net drivers"
,month="June"
,year="2000"
,day="23"
,note="Available:
\url{http://oss.sgi.com/projects/netdev/archive/2000-06/msg00250.html}
[Viewed April 10, 2006]"
,annotation={
	Proto-RCU proposal from Phil Rumpf and Rusty Russell.
	Yet another independent invention of RCU.
	Outline of algorithm to unload modules...
	.
	Appeared on net-dev mailing list.
}
}

@unpublished{RustyRussell2000b
,Author="Rusty Russell"
,Title="Re: modular net drivers"
,month="June"
,year="2000"
,day="24"
,note="Available:
\url{http://oss.sgi.com/projects/netdev/archive/2000-06/msg00254.html}
[Viewed April 10, 2006]"
,annotation={
	Proto-RCU proposal from Phil Rumpf and Rusty Russell.
	.
	Appeared on net-dev mailing list.
}
}

@unpublished{McKenney01b
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Dipankar Sarma"
,Title="Read-Copy Update Mutual Exclusion in {Linux}"
,month="February"
,year="2001"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/rcu/rcupdate_doc.html}
[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
,annotation={
	Prototypical Linux documentation for RCU.
}
}

@techreport{Slingwine01
,author="John D. Slingwine and Paul E. McKenney"
,title="Apparatus and Method for Achieving Reduced Overhead Mutual
Exclusion and Maintaining Coherency in a Multiprocessor System
Utilizing Execution History and Thread Monitoring"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="2001"
,number="US Patent 6,219,690"
,month="April"
,annotation={
	'Change in mode' aspect of RCU.  Can be thought of as a lazy barrier.
}
}

@Conference{McKenney01a
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Appavoo and Andi Kleen and
Orran Krieger and Rusty Russell and Dipankar Sarma and Maneesh Soni"
,Title="Read-Copy Update"
,Booktitle="{Ottawa Linux Symposium}"
,Month="July"
,Year="2001"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2001/abstracts/readcopy.php}
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/rclock_OLS.2001.05.01c.pdf}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
,annotation={
	Described RCU, and presented some patches implementing and using
	it in the Linux kernel.
}
}

@unpublished{McKenney01f
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{RFC:} patch to allow lock-free traversal of lists with insertion"
,month="October"
,year="2001"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=100259266316456&w=2}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Memory-barrier and Alpha thread.  100 messages, not too bad...
"
}

@unpublished{Spraul01
,Author="Manfred Spraul"
,Title="Re: {RFC:} patch to allow lock-free traversal of lists with insertion"
,month="October"
,year="2001"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=100264675012867&w=2}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Suggested burying memory barriers in Linux's list-manipulation
	primitives.
"
}

@unpublished{LinusTorvalds2001a
,Author="Linus Torvalds"
,Title="{Re:} {[Lse-tech]} {Re:} {RFC:} patch to allow lock-free traversal of lists with insertion"
,month="October"
,year="2001"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2001/10/13/105}
[Viewed August 21, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Linus makes his views on RCU in particular and precedents from
	other kernels in general quite plain.  ;-)
"
}

@unpublished{Blanchard02a
,Author="Anton Blanchard"
,Title="some RCU dcache and ratcache results"
,month="March"
,year="2002"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=101637107412972&w=2}
[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
,annotation="
"
}

@Conference{Linder02a
,Author="Hanna Linder and Dipankar Sarma and Maneesh Soni"
,Title="Scalability of the Directory Entry Cache"
,Booktitle="{Ottawa Linux Symposium}"
,Month="June"
,Year="2002"
,pages="289-300"
,annotation="
	Measured scalability of Linux 2.4 kernel's directory-entry cache
	(dcache), and measured some scalability enhancements.
"
}

@Conference{McKenney02a
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Dipankar Sarma and
Andrea Arcangeli and Andi Kleen and Orran Krieger and Rusty Russell"
,Title="Read-Copy Update"
,Booktitle="{Ottawa Linux Symposium}"
,Month="June"
,Year="2002"
,pages="338-367"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.linux.org.uk/~ajh/ols2002_proceedings.pdf.gz}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Presented and compared a number of RCU implementations for the
	Linux kernel.
"
}

@unpublished{Sarma02a
,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
,Title="specweb99: dcache scalability results"
,month="July"
,year="2002"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=102645767914212&w=2}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Compare fastwalk and RCU for dcache.  RCU won.
"
}

@unpublished{Barbieri02
,Author="Luca Barbieri"
,Title="Re: {[PATCH]} Initial support for struct {vfs\_cred}"
,month="August"
,year="2002"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=103082050621241&w=2}
[Viewed: June 23, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Suggested RCU for vfs\_shared\_cred.
"
}

@unpublished{Dickins02a
,author="Hugh Dickins"
,title="Use RCU for System-V IPC"
,year="2002"
,month="October"
,note="private communication"
}

@unpublished{Sarma02b
,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
,Title="Some dcache\_rcu benchmark numbers"
,month="October"
,year="2002"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=103462075416638&w=2}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Performance of dcache RCU on kernbench for 16x NUMA-Q and 1x,
	2x, and 4x systems.  RCU does no harm, and helps on 16x.
"
}

@unpublished{LinusTorvalds2003a
,Author="Linus Torvalds"
,Title="Re: {[PATCH]} small fixes in brlock.h"
,month="March"
,year="2003"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2003/3/9/205}
[Viewed March 13, 2006]"
,annotation="
	Linus suggests replacing brlock with RCU and/or seqlocks:
	.
	'It's entirely possible that the current user could be replaced
	by RCU and/or seqlocks, and we could get rid of brlocks entirely.'
	.
	Steve Hemminger responds by replacing them with RCU.
"
}

@article{Appavoo03a
,author="J. Appavoo and K. Hui and C. A. N. Soules and R. W. Wisniewski and
D. M. {Da Silva} and O. Krieger and M. A. Auslander and D. J. Edelsohn and
B. Gamsa and G. R. Ganger and P. McKenney and M. Ostrowski and
B. Rosenburg and M. Stumm and J. Xenidis"
,title="Enabling Autonomic Behavior in Systems Software With Hot Swapping"
,Year="2003"
,Month="January"
,journal="IBM Systems Journal"
,volume="42"
,number="1"
,pages="60-76"
,annotation="
	Use of RCU to enable hot-swapping for autonomic behavior in K42.
"
}

@unpublished{Seigh03
,author="Joseph W. {Seigh II}"
,title="Read Copy Update"
,Year="2003"
,Month="March"
,note="email correspondence"
,annotation="
	Described the relationship of the VM/XA passive serialization to RCU.
"
}

@Conference{Arcangeli03
,Author="Andrea Arcangeli and Mingming Cao and Paul E. McKenney and
Dipankar Sarma"
,Title="Using Read-Copy Update Techniques for {System V IPC} in the
{Linux} 2.5 Kernel"
,Booktitle="Proceedings of the 2003 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
(FREENIX Track)"
,Publisher="USENIX Association"
,year="2003"
,month="June"
,pages="297-310"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/rcu.FREENIX.2003.06.14.pdf}
[Viewed November 21, 2007]"
,annotation="
	Compared updated RCU implementations for the Linux kernel, and
	described System V IPC use of RCU, including order-of-magnitude
	performance improvements.
"
}

@Conference{Soules03a
,Author="Craig A. N. Soules and Jonathan Appavoo and Kevin Hui and
Dilma {Da Silva} and Gregory R. Ganger and Orran Krieger and
Michael Stumm and Robert W. Wisniewski and Marc Auslander and
Michal Ostrowski and Bryan Rosenburg and Jimi Xenidis"
,Title="System Support for Online Reconfiguration"
,Booktitle="Proceedings of the 2003 USENIX Annual Technical Conference"
,Publisher="USENIX Association"
,year="2003"
,month="June"
,pages="141-154"
}

@article{McKenney03a
,author="Paul E. McKenney"
,title="Using {RCU} in the {Linux} 2.5 Kernel"
,Year="2003"
,Month="October"
,journal="Linux Journal"
,volume="1"
,number="114"
,pages="18-26"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6993}
[Viewed November 14, 2007]"
,annotation="
	Reader-friendly intro to RCU, with the infamous old-man-and-brat
	cartoon.
"
}

@unpublished{Sarma03a
,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
,Title="RCU low latency patches"
,month="December"
,year="2003"
,note="Message ID: 20031222180114.GA2248@in.ibm.com"
,annotation="dipankar/ct.2004.03.27/RCUll.2003.12.22.patch"
}

@techreport{Friedberg03a
,author="Stuart A. Friedberg"
,title="Lock-Free Wild Card Search Data Structure and Method"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="2003"
,number="US Patent 6,662,184"
,month="December"
,pages="112"
,annotation="
	Applies RCU to a wildcard-search Patricia tree in order to permit
	synchronization-free lookup.  RCU is used to retain removed nodes
	for a grace period before freeing them.
"
}

@article{McKenney04a
,author="Paul E. McKenney and Dipankar Sarma and Maneesh Soni"
,title="Scaling dcache with {RCU}"
,Year="2004"
,Month="January"
,journal="Linux Journal"
,volume="1"
,number="118"
,pages="38-46"
,annotation="
	Reader friendly intro to dcache and RCU.
"
}

@Conference{McKenney04b
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{RCU} vs. Locking Performance on Different {CPUs}"
,Booktitle="{linux.conf.au}"
,Month="January"
,Year="2004"
,Address="Adelaide, Australia"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.linux.org.au/conf/2004/abstracts.html#90}
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/lockperf.2004.01.17a.pdf}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Compares performance of RCU to that of other locking primitives
	over a number of CPUs (x86, Opteron, Itanium, and PPC).
"
}

@unpublished{Sarma04a
,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
,Title="{[PATCH]} {RCU} for low latency (experimental)"
,month="March"
,year="2004"
,note="\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108003746402892&w=2}"
,annotation="Head of thread: dipankar/2004.03.23/rcu-low-lat.1.patch"
}

@unpublished{Sarma04b
,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
,Title="Re: {[PATCH]} {RCU} for low latency (experimental)"
,month="March"
,year="2004"
,note="\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108016474829546&w=2}"
,annotation="dipankar/rcuth.2004.03.24/rcu-throttle.patch"
}

@unpublished{Spraul04a
,Author="Manfred Spraul"
,Title="[RFC] 0/5 rcu lock update"
,month="May"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108546407726602&w=2}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Hierarchical-bitmap patch for RCU infrastructure.
"
}

@unpublished{Steiner04a
,Author="Jack Steiner"
,Title="Re: [Lse-tech] [RFC, PATCH] 1/5 rcu lock update:
Add per-cpu batch counter"
,month="May"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108551764515332&w=2}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
,annotation="
	RCU runs reasonably on a 512-CPU SGI using Manfred Spraul's patches.
"
}

@Conference{Sarma04c
,Author="Dipankar Sarma and Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="Making {RCU} Safe for Deep Sub-Millisecond Response
Realtime Applications"
,Booktitle="Proceedings of the 2004 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
(FREENIX Track)"
,Publisher="USENIX Association"
,year="2004"
,month="June"
,pages="182-191"
,annotation="
	Describes and compares a number of modifications to the Linux RCU
	implementation that make it friendly to realtime applications.
"
}

@phdthesis{PaulEdwardMcKenneyPhD
,author="Paul E. McKenney"
,title="Exploiting Deferred Destruction:
An Analysis of Read-Copy-Update Techniques
in Operating System Kernels"
,school="OGI School of Science and Engineering at
Oregon Health and Sciences University"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/RCUdissertation.2004.07.14e1.pdf}
[Viewed October 15, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Describes RCU implementations and presents design patterns
	corresponding to common uses of RCU in several operating-system
	kernels.
"
}

@unpublished{JimHouston04a
,Author="Jim Houston"
,Title="{[RFC\&PATCH] Alternative {RCU} implementation}"
,month="August"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=109387402400673&w=2}
[Viewed February 17, 2005]"
,annotation="
	Uses active code in rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() to
	make RCU happen, allowing RCU to function on CPUs that do not
	receive a scheduling-clock interrupt.
"
}

@unpublished{TomHart04a
,Author="Thomas E. Hart"
,Title="Master's Thesis: Applying Lock-free Techniques to the {Linux} Kernel"
,month="October"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~tomhart/masters_thesis.html}
[Viewed October 15, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Proposes comparing RCU to lock-free methods for the Linux kernel.
"
}

@unpublished{Vaddagiri04a
,Author="Srivatsa Vaddagiri"
,Title="Subject: [RFC] Use RCU for tcp\_ehash lookup"
,month="October"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=109395731700004&r=1&w=2}
[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Srivatsa's RCU patch for tcp_ehash lookup.
"
}

@unpublished{Thirumalai04a
,Author="Ravikiran Thirumalai"
,Title="Subject: [patchset] Lockfree fd lookup 0 of 5"
,month="October"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=109144217400003&r=1&w=2}
[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Ravikiran's lockfree FD patch.
"
}

@unpublished{Thirumalai04b
,Author="Ravikiran Thirumalai"
,Title="Subject: Re: [patchset] Lockfree fd lookup 0 of 5"
,month="October"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=109152521410459&w=2}
[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
,annotation="
	Ravikiran's lockfree FD patch.
"
}

@unpublished{JamesMorris04a
,Author="James Morris"
,Title="{[PATCH 2/3] SELinux} scalability - convert {AVC} to {RCU}"
,day="15"
,month="November"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110054979416004&w=2}
[Viewed December 10, 2004]"
,annotation="
	James Morris posts Kaigai Kohei's patch to LKML.
"
}

@unpublished{JamesMorris04b
,Author="James Morris"
,Title="Recent Developments in {SELinux} Kernel Performance"
,month="December"
,year="2004"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.livejournal.com/users/james_morris/2153.html}
[Viewed December 10, 2004]"
,annotation="
	RCU helps SELinux performance.  ;-)  Made LWN.
"
}

@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2005e
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="Real-Time Preemption and {RCU}"
,month="March"
,year="2005"
,day="17"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/3/17/199}
[Viewed September 5, 2005]"
,annotation="
	First posting showing how RCU can be safely adapted for
	preemptable RCU read side critical sections.
"
}

@unpublished{EsbenNeilsen2005a
,Author="Esben Neilsen"
,Title="Re: Real-Time Preemption and {RCU}"
,month="March"
,year="2005"
,day="18"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/3/18/122}
[Viewed March 30, 2006]"
,annotation="
	Esben Neilsen suggests read-side suppression of grace-period
	processing for crude-but-workable realtime RCU.  The downside
	is indefinite grace periods...
"
}

@unpublished{TomHart05a
,Author="Thomas E. Hart and Paul E. McKenney and Angela Demke Brown"
,Title="Efficient Memory Reclamation is Necessary for Fast Lock-Free
Data Structures"
,month="March"
,year="2005"
,note="Available:
\url{ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/csrg-technical-reports/515/}
[Viewed March 4, 2005]"
,annotation="
	Comparison of RCU, QBSR, and EBSR.  RCU wins for read-mostly
	workloads.  ;-)
"
}

@unpublished{JonCorbet2005DeprecateSyncKernel
,Author="Jonathan Corbet"
,Title="API change: synchronize_kernel() deprecated"
,month="May"
,day="3"
,year="2005"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/134484/}
[Viewed May 3, 2005]"
,annotation="
	Jon Corbet describes deprecation of synchronize_kernel()
	in favor of synchronize_rcu() and synchronize_sched().
"
}

@unpublished{PaulMcKenney05a
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{[RFC]} {RCU} and {CONFIG\_PREEMPT\_RT} progress"
,month="May"
,year="2005"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/5/9/185}
[Viewed May 13, 2005]"
,annotation="
	First publication of working lock-based deferred free patches
	for the CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT environment.
"
}

@conference{PaulMcKenney05b
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Dipankar Sarma"
,Title="Towards Hard Realtime Response from the {Linux} Kernel on {SMP} Hardware"
,Booktitle="linux.conf.au 2005"
,month="April"
,year="2005"
,address="Canberra, Australia"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/realtimeRCU.2005.04.23a.pdf}
[Viewed May 13, 2005]"
,annotation="
	Realtime turns into making RCU yet more realtime friendly.
	http://lca2005.linux.org.au/Papers/Paul%20McKenney/Towards%20Hard%20Realtime%20Response%20from%20the%20Linux%20Kernel/LKS.2005.04.22a.pdf
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenneyHomePage
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{Paul} {E.} {McKenney}"
,month="May"
,year="2005"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/}
[Viewed May 25, 2005]"
,annotation="
	Paul McKenney's home page.
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenneyRCUPage
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="Read-Copy Update {(RCU)}"
,month="May"
,year="2005"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU}
[Viewed May 25, 2005]"
,annotation="
	Paul McKenney's RCU page.
"
}

########################################################################
#
# Ingo Molnar comments on why single-threaded locking and that RCU
# ends up being the only primitive allowing read-side parallelism.
#
#	http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/3/18/38
#	http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/3/18/44
#
# On priority boosting in general:
#
#	http://lwn.net/Articles/177111/
#

@unpublished{JosephSeigh2005a
,Author="Joseph Seigh"
,Title="{RCU}+{SMR} (hazard pointers)"
,month="July"
,year="2005"
,note="Personal communication"
,annotation="
	Joe Seigh announcing his atomic-ptr-plus project.
	http://sourceforge.net/projects/atomic-ptr-plus/
"
}

@unpublished{JosephSeigh2005b
,Author="Joseph Seigh"
,Title="Lock-free synchronization primitives"
,month="July"
,day="6"
,year="2005"
,note="Available:
\url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/atomic-ptr-plus/}
[Viewed August 8, 2005]"
,annotation="
	Joe Seigh's atomic-ptr-plus project.
"
}

@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2005c
,Author="Paul E.McKenney"
,Title="{[RFC,PATCH] RCU} and {CONFIG\_PREEMPT\_RT} sane patch"
,month="August"
,day="1"
,year="2005"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/8/1/155}
[Viewed March 14, 2006]"
,annotation="
	First operating counter-based realtime RCU patch posted to LKML.
"
}

@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2005d
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="Re: [Fwd: Re: [patch] Real-Time Preemption, -RT-2.6.13-rc4-V0.7.52-01]"
,month="August"
,day="8"
,year="2005"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/8/8/108}
[Viewed March 14, 2006]"
,annotation="
	First operating counter-based realtime RCU patch posted to LKML,
	but fixed so that various unusual combinations of configuration
	parameters all function properly.
"
}

@conference{ThomasEHart2006a
,Author="Thomas E. Hart and Paul E. McKenney and Angela Demke Brown"
,Title="Making Lockless Synchronization Fast: Performance Implications
of Memory Reclamation"
,Booktitle="20\textsuperscript{th} {IEEE} International Parallel and
Distributed Processing Symposium"
,month="April"
,year="2006"
,day="25-29"
,address="Rhodes, Greece"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~tomhart/perflab/ipdps06.tgz}
[Viewed April 28, 2008]"
,annotation="
	Compares QSBR, HPBR, EBR, and lock-free reference counting.
	Need to provide URL if available.
"
}

@unpublished{WikipediaRCU
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Chris Purcell and Algae and Ben Schumin and
Gaius Cornelius and Qwertyus and Neil Conway and Sbw and Blainster and
Canis Rufus and Zoicon5 and Anome and Hal Eisen"
,Title="Read-Copy Update"
,month="July"
,day="8"
,year="2006"
,note="Available:
\url{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-copy-update}
[Viewed August 21, 2006]"
,annotation="
	Wikipedia RCU page as of July 8 2006.
"
}

@Conference{PaulEMcKenney2006b
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Dipankar Sarma and Ingo Molnar and
Suparna Bhattacharya"
,Title="Extending {RCU} for Realtime and Embedded Workloads"
,Booktitle="{Ottawa Linux Symposium}"
,Month="July"
,Year="2006"
,pages="v2 123-138"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2006/view_abstract.php?content_key=184}
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/OLSrtRCU.2006.08.11a.pdf}
[Viewed January 1, 2007]"
,annotation="
	Described how to improve the -rt implementation of realtime RCU.
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2006c
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="Sleepable {RCU}"
,month="October"
,day="9"
,year="2006"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/202847/}
Revised:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/srcu.2007.01.14a.pdf}
[Viewed August 21, 2006]"
,annotation="
	LWN article introducing SRCU.
"
}

@unpublished{RobertOlsson2006a
,Author="Robert Olsson and Stefan Nilsson"
,Title="{TRASH}: A dynamic {LC}-trie and hash data structure"
,month="August"
,day="18"
,year="2006"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.nada.kth.se/~snilsson/public/papers/trash/trash.pdf}
[Viewed February 24, 2007]"
,annotation="
	RCU-protected dynamic trie-hash combination.
"
}

@unpublished{NickPiggin2006radixtree
,Author="Nick Piggin"
,Title="[patch 3/3] radix-tree: {RCU} lockless readside"
,month="June"
,day="20"
,year="2006"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/6/20/238}
[Viewed March 25, 2008]"
,annotation="
	RCU-protected radix tree.
"
}

@unpublished{ChristophHellwig2006RCU2SRCU
,Author="Christoph Hellwig"
,Title="Re: {[-mm PATCH 1/4]} {RCU}: split classic rcu"
,month="September"
,day="28"
,year="2006"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/9/28/160}
[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
,annotation={
	Still there's absolutely no point in putting all this into
	mainline.  Do it in your toy tree (whether it's called -rt
	or -pk :)) and keep one stable implementation in mainline.
	That one implementation should be srcu capable rather sooner
	than later (as soon as you're satisfied with it) because there's
	lots of interesting use cases for sleeping in RCU read sections.
	But until then keep the mainline code simple.
}
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenneyRCUusagePage
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{RCU} {Linux} Usage"
,month="October"
,year="2006"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/linuxusage.html}
[Viewed January 14, 2007]"
,annotation="
	Paul McKenney's RCU page showing graphs plotting Linux-kernel
	usage of RCU.
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenneyRCUusageRawDataPage
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="Read-Copy Update {(RCU)} Usage in {Linux} Kernel"
,month="October"
,year="2006"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/linuxusage/rculocktab.html}
[Viewed January 14, 2007]"
,annotation="
	Paul McKenney's RCU page showing Linux usage of RCU in tabular
	form, with links to corresponding cscope databases.
"
}

@unpublished{JensAxboe2006SlowSRCU
,Author="Jens Axboe"
,Title="Re: [patch] cpufreq: mark \url{cpufreq_tsc()} as
\url{core_initcall_sync}"
,month="November"
,year="2006"
,day=17
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/11/17/56}
[Viewed May 28, 2007]"
,annotation="
	SRCU's grace periods are too slow for Jens, even after a
	factor-of-three speedup.
"
}

@unpublished{OlegNesterov2007QRCU
,Author="Oleg Nesterov"
,Title="Re: [patch] cpufreq: mark \url{cpufreq_tsc()} as
\url{core_initcall_sync}"
,month="November"
,year="2006"
,day=19
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/11/19/69}
[Viewed May 28, 2007]"
,annotation="
	First cut of QRCU.  Expanded/corrected versions followed.
"
}

@unpublished{CoreyMinyard2007list_splice_rcu
,Author="Corey Minyard and Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{[PATCH]} add an {RCU} version of list splicing"
,month="January"
,year="2007"
,day=3
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/1/3/112}
[Viewed May 28, 2007]"
,annotation="
	Patch for list_splice_rcu().
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007rcubarrier
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{RCU} and Unloadable Modules"
,month="January"
,day="14"
,year="2007"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/217484/}
[Viewed November 22, 2007]"
,annotation="
	LWN article introducing the rcu_barrier() primitive.
"
}

@unpublished{PeterZijlstra2007SyncBarrier
,Author="Peter Zijlstra and Ingo Molnar"
,Title="{[PATCH 3/7]} barrier: a scalable synchonisation barrier"
,month="January"
,year="2007"
,day=28
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/1/28/34}
[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
,annotation="
	RCU-like implementation for frequent updaters and rare readers(!).
	Subsumed into QRCU.  Maybe...
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007BoostRCU
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="Priority-Boosting {RCU} Read-Side Critical Sections"
,month="February"
,day="5"
,year="2007"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/220677/}
Revised:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/RCUbooststate.2007.04.16a.pdf}
[Viewed September 7, 2007]"
,annotation="
	LWN article introducing RCU priority boosting.
"
}

@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2007QRCUpatch
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{[PATCH]} {QRCU} with lockless fastpath"
,month="February"
,year="2007"
,day=24
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/2/25/18}
[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
,annotation="
	Patch for QRCU supplying lock-free fast path.
"
}

@conference{PeterZijlstra2007ConcurrentPagecacheRCU
,Author="Peter Zijlstra"
,Title="Concurrent Pagecache"
,Booktitle="Linux Symposium"
,month="June"
,year="2007"
,address="Ottawa, Canada"
,note="Available:
\url{http://ols.108.redhat.com/2007/Reprints/zijlstra-Reprint.pdf}
[Viewed April 14, 2008]"
,annotation="
	Page-cache modifications permitting RCU readers and concurrent
	updates.
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007whatisRCU
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="What is {RCU}?"
,year="2007"
,month="07"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/whatisRCU.html}
[Viewed July 6, 2007]"
,annotation={
	Describes RCU in Linux kernel.
}
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007QRCUspin
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="Using {Promela} and {Spin} to verify parallel algorithms"
,month="August"
,day="1"
,year="2007"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/243851/}
[Viewed September 8, 2007]"
,annotation="
	LWN article describing Promela and spin, and also using Oleg
	Nesterov's QRCU as an example (with Paul McKenney's fastpath).
	Merged patch at: http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/2/25/18
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007PreemptibleRCU
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="The design of preemptible read-copy-update"
,month="October"
,day="8"
,year="2007"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/253651/}
[Viewed October 25, 2007]"
,annotation="
	LWN article describing the design of preemptible RCU.
"
}

@article{ThomasEHart2007a
,Author="Thomas E. Hart and Paul E. McKenney and Angela Demke Brown and Jonathan Walpole"
,Title="Performance of memory reclamation for lockless synchronization"
,journal="J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."
,volume={67}
,number="12"
,year="2007"
,issn="0743-7315"
,pages="1270--1285"
,doi="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2007.04.010"
,publisher="Academic Press, Inc."
,address="Orlando, FL, USA"
,annotation={
	Compares QSBR, HPBR, EBR, and lock-free reference counting.
	Journal version of ThomasEHart2006a.
}
}

@unpublished{MathieuDesnoyers2007call_rcu_schedNeeded
,Author="Mathieu Desnoyers"
,Title="Re: [patch 1/2] {Linux} Kernel Markers - Support Multiple Probes"
,month="December"
,day="20"
,year="2007"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/12/20/244}
[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
,annotation="
	Request for call_rcu_sched() and rcu_barrier_sched().
"
}

@unpublished{SteveRostedt2008dyntickRCUpatch
,Author="Steven Rostedt and Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{[PATCH]} add support for dynamic ticks and preempt rcu"
,month="January"
,day="29"
,year="2008"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/1/29/208}
[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
,annotation="
	Patch that prevents preemptible RCU from unnecessarily waking
	up dynticks-idle CPUs.
"
}

@Conference{PaulEMcKenney2008Beijing
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="Introducing Technology Into {Linux} Or:
Introducing your technology Into {Linux} will require introducing a
lot of {Linux} into your technology!!!"
,Booktitle="2008 Linux Developer Symposium - China"
,Publisher="OSS China"
,Month="February"
,Year="2008"
,Address="Beijing, China"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/TechIntroLinux.2008.02.19a.pdf}
[Viewed August 12, 2008]"
,annotation={
	Like the title says...  Also the trip where I first was sent
	through the diplomatic channel for airport security.
}
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008dynticksRCU
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Steven Rostedt"
,Title="Integrating and Validating dynticks and Preemptable RCU"
,month="April"
,day="24"
,year="2008"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/279077/}
[Viewed April 24, 2008]"
,annotation="
	Describes use of Promela and Spin to validate (and fix!) the
	dynticks/RCU interface.
"
}

@article{DinakarGuniguntala2008IBMSysJ
,author="D. Guniguntala and P. E. McKenney and J. Triplett and J. Walpole"
,title="The read-copy-update mechanism for supporting real-time applications on shared-memory multiprocessor systems with {Linux}"
,Year="2008"
,Month="May"
,journal="IBM Systems Journal"
,volume="47"
,number="2"
,pages="221-236"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/472/guniguntala.pdf}
[Viewed April 24, 2008]"
,annotation="
	RCU, realtime RCU, sleepable RCU, performance.
"
}

@article{PaulEMcKenney2008RCUOSR
,author="Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole"
,title="Introducing technology into the {Linux} kernel: a case study"
,Year="2008"
,journal="SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev."
,volume="42"
,number="5"
,pages="4--17"
,issn="0163-5980"
,doi={http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1400097.1400099}
,publisher="ACM"
,address="New York, NY, USA"
,annotation={
	Linux changed RCU to a far greater degree than RCU has changed Linux.
}
}

########################################################################
#
#	"What is RCU?" LWN series.
#

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007WhatIsRCUFundamentally
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole"
,Title="What is {RCU}, Fundamentally?"
,month="December"
,day="17"
,year="2007"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/262464/}
[Viewed December 27, 2007]"
,annotation="
	Lays out the three basic components of RCU: (1) publish-subscribe,
	(2) wait for pre-existing readers to complete, and (2) maintain
	multiple versions.
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUUsage
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="What is {RCU}? Part 2: Usage"
,month="January"
,day="4"
,year="2008"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/263130/}
[Viewed January 4, 2008]"
,annotation="
	Lays out six uses of RCU:
	1. RCU is a Reader-Writer Lock Replacement
	2. RCU is a Restricted Reference-Counting Mechanism
	3. RCU is a Bulk Reference-Counting Mechanism
	4. RCU is a Poor Man's Garbage Collector
	5. RCU is a Way of Providing Existence Guarantees
	6. RCU is a Way of Waiting for Things to Finish 
"
}

@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUAPI
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
,Title="{RCU} part 3: the {RCU} {API}"
,month="January"
,day="17"
,year="2008"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/264090/}
[Viewed January 10, 2008]"
,annotation="
	Gives an overview of the Linux-kernel RCU API and a brief annotated RCU
	bibliography.
"
}